Useful Linux commands and tips.
Mandriva security tip.
To make Mandriva Linux 2010 more secure after installation, switch to a root
account with su, then type:
passwd -l xguest
This will disable the xguest account for the system, Mandriva came with this
account enabled and it had no password!
Updating the packages list in Debian.
To do this, you need to open a terminal and type:
sudo apt-get update
This will update the list of packages that are available to the apt system.
Then type:
sudo apt-get upgrade
And this will download and install all packages that are available to be
updated. I do this frequently to keep my system up to date.
Linux Tips and Useful Files.
To switch between buffers in Xemacs when runnng at the console, press Esc-x
then type buffer-menu and press enter. This will show a buffer containing
a list of open buffers and you just move to the one you want and press enter and
you are there. It is quite fast once you get used to it. And if you are running
Xemacs in the text console and you want to suspend it to use the shell in a
hurry, just hit Ctrl-z and use the shell for whatever you need and then type
fg and hit enter to bring it back. This is a cool trick.
The following is a command to rip a DVD with mencoder and save it in a DivX
file in MPEG4 format.
To switch between buffers in Xemacs when runnng at the console, press Esc-x
then type buffer-menu and press enter. This will show a buffer containing
a list of open buffers and you just move to the one you want and press enter and
you are there. It is quite fast once you get used to it. And if you are running
Xemacs in the text console and you want to suspend it to use the shell in a
hurry, just hit Ctrl-z and use the shell for whatever you need and then type
fg and hit enter to bring it back. This is a cool trick.
The following is a command to rip a DVD with mencoder and save it in a DivX
file in MPEG4 format.
mencoder dvd://1 -oac mp3lame -vf scale=360:288 -ovc lavc \ -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=1200:autoaspect -o movie.avi
When you have typed something like man gcc and you want to search the
manpage, just press the / key and type your search string. You can recall
it with the / key again and press the up-arrow key to go back through the
search history for the session. This works the same as in the Firefox web
browser. And also works in the vim editor. Just use it in the command mode and
it will position the cursor at the first instance of the search word. Very
useful indeed.
Setting the console font in GNU/Linux.
To set a different font for your text console, just run setfont. E.g,
setfont /usr/share/kbd/suse12x22.psfu.gz. This sets a lovely
console font that works quite well at 1280×1024 pixels resolution. Very
nice indeed and you can just type ls to list the large list of
available fonts. For Fedora Core 5 & 6 you need to type
/lib/kbd/consolefonts/cybercafe.psf.gz.
Setting the console font in OpenSuse 10.2
You can set the console font in /etc/sysconfig/console and type
/etc/init.d/kbd restart to reload the settings. Edit the file to look
like the relevant CONSOLE_FONT section below. This should work in other
distributions of GNU/Linux, just look around in case the configuration files are
in differing locations or formats.
# Console settings. # Note: The KBD_TTY setting from Hardware/Keyboard (sysconfig/keyboard) # also applies for the settings here. # # Load this console font on bootup: # (/usr/share/kbd/consolefonts/) # CONSOLE_FONT="iso10.16.gz" ## Type: string ## Default: "" # # Some fonts come without a unicode map. # (.psfu fonts supposedly have it, others often not.) # You can then specify the unicode mapping of your font # explicitly. (/usr/share/kbd/unimaps/) # Normally not needed. # CONSOLE_UNICODEMAP="iso10.uni" ## Type: string ## Default: "" # # Most programs output 8 bit characters, so you need a table to # translate those characters into unicode. That one can be specified # here. (/usr/share/kbd/consoletrans/) # (Note: If your console is in utf-8 mode you don't need this.) # If your code does not use a unicode mapping at all (because you # e.g. explicitly specified UNICODEMAP="none") you may circumvent # the translation via unicode, but load a map which directly maps # 8 bit output of your program to a font position. # CONSOLE_SCREENMAP="iso02_to_cp1250.trans"
Once this is done, your machine will look quite different! And
personalised. And everyone likes to customise the look of their machine, but
with /ect/sysconfig it can be locked in and saved when you (heaven forbid) need
to reboot. A perfect virtual console is achieved with the afforementioned
console font and a 1280×1024 resolution. especially running screen I have the
date and time in the bottom right of the screen. Great looking screen and better
than the first command prompt screen I ever used which was an 8086 with MSDOS
3.0 (shudder.) Then I had a 286 then a 486 and a Celeron 600. Redhat GNU/Linux
6.2 I tried on it once worked very well and was better and faster to install
than Windows ’98 which needed countless CD swapping to install drivers. Readhat
GNU/linux 6.2 installed in one go from the CD and I rebooted into the graphical
chooser.
Make your computer talk!
To do this, you need the festival program installed. Once you have done that,
just type: echo “$(fortune -o)” | festival –tts. You will hear a random
fortune come out your speakers. This is cool if you put it on your
.login file and it will play every time you login.
Window Screenshots.
To take a screenshot of a window on the desktop, use sleep 4; import
-frame window.png this will wait 4 seconds before taking the shot. Just
click on the window frame with the crosshairs when they appear and you are
done. Better than screwing around with MS paint. (SHUDDER)… That is total
shite. GIMP is way better. And it has a wealth of plugins to extend the
functionality. And Helix Banshee is a very good media player and well
integrated into the Gnome desktop. I just insert an audio CD and it will load
up and start playing automatically. Very nice. Hotplugging is handled by HAL and
works flawlessly.
Listing the contents of a directory.
Type this command for another way to print the directory contents. Not very
useful however without the extended file information.
for file in *; do echo -ne "$file\n"; done;
Echoing output in a script.
To output some information in a script, type echo “$(date)” for
example and it will be output easily.
Setting the system time.
I wanted to use the date(1) command to print out the current date and
time and so I typed date -s “” as root and pasted the date value back
into the commas and edited it to be the current date value and hit ENTER and it
was done instantly. Windows would probably need a re-boot… for example date
-s “Wed Jan 17 04:58:22 EST 2007″. Once you do this it will be setup
automagically.
I was listening to the radio last night and I heard a person ask what the
Square root of 65536 was. So I wrote this program and got the answer…
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define num1 65536
int main() {
int num2;
num2 = sqrt(num1);
fprintf(stdout, "The Square root of %i is %i.\n\n", num1, num2);
return 0;
}
Installing Firefox extensions.
if you have copied a bunch of Firefox extensions into a directory on your
hard drive and you are wondering how to install them in Firefox then read
on. First you need to open a command prompt window and navigate to the directory
containing the files. Then just type the following command.
/usr/bin/tree -R -H ./ > firefox.htm
Then just open the firefox.htm in firefox and install the files. This
command generates valid XHTML code and is the best way to generate a HTML
listing of files in a directory.
Using Midnight Commander as your favourite text editor.
Are you using the Midnight Commander’s text editor, and want to insert a copy
of a file at the cursor position? Then just press F11 and select `Insert a out
of command to cursor` and type cat FILE where FILE is the file you want to
insert.
cat $HOME/files/myfile.txt
Then the file will be inserted at the cursor position. Very useful trick
indeed. To insert a DOS line ending character just type:
perl -e 'printf("\cM");'
Simple.
More nmap tricks.
Below is the result of running nmap with the -O option. This shows the
information about the OS the target machine is running. Since I have a firewall
running on my system, you cannot see all of the 1674 or so ports on my system.
Only the ones that need to be available for general network usage. I have the
httpd port open for using Apache 2.0 for testing new webpage designs. This
output does not say too much about the target system, which in this case is
localhost.
$ sudo nmap -sR elrond Starting Nmap 3.95 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2007-02-05 11:41 EST Interesting ports on Elrond.Elflord (127.0.0.2): (The 1666 ports scanned but not shown below are in state: filtered) PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 22/tcp open ssh 80/tcp open http 111/tcp open rpcbind (rpcbind V2) 2 (rpc #100000) 631/tcp open ipp Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 21.916 seconds
Setting up Console Mode Linux display.
I am running Knoppix 3.6 HD install on my Packard Bell laptop, and I had a
problem where the console mode font was pretty small and would not fit on the
screen. It would scroll off the bottom of the screen. I set the vga value in
/etc/lilo.conf to vga=EXTENDED. Fixed the problem. You could also use vga=ask to
get the kernel to prompt you for a list of vga modes. For more information, see
/usr/src/linux/Documentation/fb/vesafb.txt.
I have also installed a new version of rxvt from source and I set the
menufile to /etc/X11/rxvt.menu and I got an automatically updated menu of my
applications in the rxvt menu. When I make installed it it was installed to
/usr/local/bin so I still have the existing rxvt in the /usr/bin directory, but
that was a symlink. I changed that to point to the new rxvt binary as the copy
of the binary in the /usr/local/bin was not being used by default. Now I have a
lovely new terminal that is much more attractive than the default rxvt
program. GNU/Emacs uses the same command line options as rxvt so I am wondering
if I could write a shell script to run either application and have them looking
the same.?
Something like this.
#!/bin/sh $1 -bg "#003333" \ -fg "#FFFFFF" \ -cr "#FFFF33"
once you have this, you can run “options.sh emacs-21.3″ to run Emacs with a
traditional color scheme. Very nice. If you use this to run the rxvt program
assuming it is compiled with the right options, it will have the same color
scheme as GNU/Emacs. Nice if you like consistency. Put the script into $HOME/bin
and name it rxvt-color or something like that, and you will have a nice looking
rxvt. And a little program to write a name to a text file.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define log "log.txt"
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char *myarg;
myarg = argv[0];
if (!argv[1]) {
fprintf(stdout, "\x28 Usage %s [Options]. \x29\n", myarg);
} else {
fprintf(stdout, "\x28 Command Line: %s\nYour Name: %s \x29\n", myarg, argv[1]);
FILE *f;
f = fopen(log, "a+");
if(!f) {
printf("Sorry, cannot store your data in %s.\n", log);
exit(1);
} else {
fputs("\015\n", f);
fputs("Command Line:\015\n", f);
fputs(myarg, f);
fputs("Your name:\015\n", f);
fputs(argv[1], f);
fputs("\015\n", f);
fputs("\015\n", f);
}
fclose(f);
}
return 0;
}
Transparent rxvt files.
#!/bin/bash
# This is a shell script that provides a more attractive rxvt terminal.
# The default rxvt is pretty ugly compared to Eterm & Aterm, so I have
# brightened it up a bit.
# Uses a pretty long command line, so I have broken it up into 3 lines for easier
# reading on a text console.
urxvt -fn "fixed" +sr +st -fg "#FFFFFF" -bg "#000033" -bd "#302c64" \
-ip +sb -title "*-Home-${HOME}-Shell-${SHELL}-Display-${DISPLAY}*" \
-tint DarkSlateGrey -fade 50 -fadecolor red
The above script gives you a more attractive transparent rxvt program. Very
useful indeed. There is quite a demand for cool transparent Terminals, so here
you go you lovely people. You get one right here. Updated for Fedora
Core 5. Now with translucent rather than transparent background. Like aterm.
#!/bin/sh --
# an example of having different menus (even different pixmaps)
# show up depending on the machine you are rlogin/telnet connecting to
# Customised by Bejiitas Wrath 2005. I am adding many more useful commands
# for GNU/Linux. Having a menubar makes the archaic rxvt program much more
# useful indeed.
# I cannot understand why the script is setup for telnet when every self
# respecting person uses ssh...
# If this could work with Aterm it would be even better still.
menu="$0" # or any convenient database
exe="/usr/X11R6/bin/rxvt" # default program to execute
if test $# -gt 0; then
# if first argument contains "rxvt" use that instead
case $1 in *rxvt*) exe="$1" shift;; esac
fi
while [ $# -gt 0 ]
do
case $1 in
-h) # give usage
echo "
Usage: `basename $0` [rxvt-prgm] [options]
start rxvt
and load a menu corresponding to \"machine\" if the option
-e {rlogin|telnet|tn3270} Machine.Domain ...
was used"
exit
;; # don't bother if we've already set it
-menu) break;; # don't bother if we've already set it
-e)
if test $# -ge 3;
then
case $2 in
# try to find menu for these cases
*rlogin | *telnet | *tn3270)
# strip domain & convert case
mach=`echo $3 | sed -e 's/\..*$//' | tr [A-Z] [a-z]`
if test ! -z "$mach";
then
found=`egrep "^\[menu:$mach\]" $menu`
if test ! -z "$found";
then
mach="$menu;$mach"
exe="$exe -menu $mach"
fi
fi
;;
esac
fi
break
;;
*)
exe="$exe $1"
;;
esac
shift
done
# echo "$exe $@"
$exe $@ &
exit # stop shell here!
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
[menu:weber]
#[menu:machine1]
[clear]
# [pixmap:machine1.xpm]
/Programs/*
{VIM} vim\r
{Mail} Mail\r
{Emacs} emacs\r
{-}
{Exit} exit\r
/Jobs/*
{Top} top\r
{Ps u} ps aux|egrep ^$USER\r
{Ps aux} ps aux|egrep -v "(root|ps)"\r
# who's REALLY logged on (even with utmp logging turned off)
{Who} ps aux|egrep "\-bash"|egrep -v "grep"\r
{-}
{Background} ^Z bg\r
{Kill} ^C\r
/Misc/*
{Finger} finger -lmps\r
{Commander} mc\r
{Clock} xclock -update 1 -digital -strftime '%H:%M:%S - %A %d %b %Y' &\r
[read:terminal]
[show]
#[done:machine1]
[done:weber]
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
[menu:conn]
#[menu:machine2]
[clear]
# [pixmap:machine2.xpm]
/Programs/*
{VIM} vim\r
{Checkmail} mc\r
{Dir} ls -hula|${PAGER:-more}\r
{Dir-Time} ls -lat|${PAGER:-more}\r
{Space Left} df -hla\r
{Emacs} emacs\r
{-}
{Exit} exit\r
/Jobs/*
{Background} ^Z bg\r
{Kill} ^C\r
{Pstree} pstree\r
/Networking/*
{Web} lynx\r
{Eth0} ifconfig eth0\r
{Netstat} netstat -eai\r
{Elinks} elinks\r
/Misc/*
{Finger} finger -lmps\r
{Commander} mc\r
{Clock} xclock -update 1 -digital -strftime '%H:%M:%S - %A %d %b %Y' &\r
[read:terminal]
[show]
#[done:machine2]
[done:conn]
#--------------------------------------------------------------------- eof
The above file goes into your home directory and gives rxvt a menu. Used in
conjunction with the shell script above it, you can have quite a useful rxvt
program. Name it rxvt.menu and it will work with the above script.
Vim Tips.
When you are using VIM and you have typed up the perfect text file, but you
want to insert text into the middle of the file, what do you do? Well read
on.
To manage this, position the cursor where you want the text file to be
inserted and press ESC to get into the VIM command mode and type :r
/home/foo/foo.txt and press ENTER. The text file will be inserted into your main
textfile at the cursor position. Now how useful will this technique be? Quite
useful indeed I would think. Even better than logging into your machine remotely
over the Internet using SSH. Although once you have logged into your machine you
could then run vi and do your editing then. Sure Telnet is easy, but hardly
secure. OpenSSH is quite easy and fun to use, so why not use anything else?
Using Flash Disks.
We all love using those USB Flash disks but what if you cannot mount it on
your system? Well I have a Transcend 128MB drive and I want to mount it on my
GNU/Linux machine, so I can use it right away, so I use this command in
my /ect/fstab file that will allow me to mount the USB Drive which is /dev/sda
by mounting it to the /mnt/sda directory. Then assuming the device is the same
device name every time then you can just mount it by typing mount /mnt/sda
then it will be accessable to the normal user, instead of having to switch to
the root user to access the files on the device. This is for OpenSuSE 10.2. It might
be slightly different on something like Fedora Core 5. But the basic principle
is the same.
My /etc/fstab file.
/dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2 reiserfs defaults 0 0 /dev/hda4 / ext3 acl,user_xattr 1 1 /dev/hda3 swap swap defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs noauto 0 0 debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs noauto 0 0 usbfs /proc/bus/usb usbfs noauto 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts mode=0620,gid=5 0 0 /dev/hdc /mnt/cd iso9660 noauto,user,noexec 0 0 /dev/sda /mnt/sda vfat noauto,user,noexec 0 0 /dev/sda1 /mnt/sda1 vfat noauto,user,noexec 0 0 /dev/sdb /mnt/sdb vfat noauto,user,noexec 00
Various Cool Linux Commands.
There are many cool commands that us GNU/Linux users can use to manage our system.
[2.6.15-1.2054_FC5 ] [ [email protected] ] [ Jobs 0. PWD: ~. bash 3.1.7. ] 4-:\> w 03:38:24 up 1 day, 5:57, 3 users, load average: 0.94, 0.68, 0.58 USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT Mythrand tty1 - Thu21 12:02m 1.11s 0.03s /bin/sh /usr/bin/startx Mythrand pts/0 - Fri15 12:01m 0.00s 21.78s kded [kdeinit] Mythrand pts/1 - 03:37 0.00s 0.42s 0.04s w
The above command shows information about the current user. You can see that
the user has been up for 1 hour and 6 Minutes. You can also see how many other
users are on the system, ie 2 users. The login time is shown in the middle and
it shows that I logged in at 20:01 using xdm and I logged into Xorg at that
time on Display :0.
[2.6.15-1.2054_FC5 ] [ [email protected] ] [ Jobs 0. PWD: ~. bash 3.1.7. ] 2-:\> finger -lmps Login: Mythrandyr Name: hsimpson Directory: /home/Mythrandyr Shell: /bin/bash On since Thu Jun 1 21:42 (EST) on tty1 12 hours 1 minute idle On since Fri Jun 2 15:36 (EST) on pts/0 12 hours idle On since Sat Jun 3 03:37 (EST) on pts/1 (messages off) No mail.
Now I am using the finger command. It shows even more information about my
user than the last command. You can see tons of information about all of the
users logged into your GNU/Linux system and when they last logged in.
[2.6.15-1.2054_FC5 ] [ [email protected] ] [ Jobs 0. PWD: ~. bash 3.1.7. ] 7-:\> locate alchemist /etc/alchemist /etc/alchemist/namespace /etc/alchemist/switchboard /etc/alchemist/namespace/printconf /etc/alchemist/namespace/printconf/local.adl /etc/alchemist/namespace/printconf/rpm.adl /etc/alchemist/switchboard/printconf.swb.adl /usr/lib/alchemist /usr/lib/libalchemist.so.0 /usr/lib/libalchemist.so.0.0.0 /usr/lib/alchemist/blackbox /usr/lib/alchemist/blackbox/libforgeblackbox.so.0 /usr/lib/alchemist/blackbox/libforgeblackbox.so.0.0.0 /usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/_alchemistmodule.so /usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/pyalchemist.so /usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/pyalchemist_python.py /usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/pyalchemist_python.pyc /usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/pyalchemist_python.pyo /usr/share/doc/alchemist-1.0.36 /usr/share/doc/alchemist-1.0.36/README /var/cache/alchemist /var/cache/alchemist/printconf.local /var/cache/alchemist/printconf.rpm /var/cache/alchemist/printconf.local/1 /var/cache/alchemist/printconf.local/wm /var/cache/alchemist/printconf.rpm/1 /var/cache/alchemist/printconf.rpm/wm
The above output is from the locate command which is used to find various
files on your filesystem. The crond program should have a script it runs to
update the database of files so you can type for example locate xmms and
it will find all of the files with xmms in their name. As you can see it finds
any files named ‘alchemist’ whatever and wherever they may be. For Fedora Core 5
it has the afforementioned cron job setup so this will work out of the box.
linux@linux:~$ /sbin/ifconfig wlan0
wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:17:3F:FC:15:CC
inet addr:192.168.2.3 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::217:3fff:fefc:15cc/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1492 Metric:1
RX packets:45426 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:28076 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:42529839 (40.5 Mb) TX bytes:3622781 (3.4 Mb)
The above command shows information about the Networking Adapter connected to
your machine. This is how you can debug any problems with your adapter.
VIM & other useful stuff.
:set nu
:set wrap
:set encoding=utf-8
au BufReadPost * if line("'\"") > 0 && line("'\"") <= line("$") |
\ exe "normal g'\"" | endif
:highlight Normal ctermbg=black ctermfg=white guibg=white guifg=white
:colors koehler
:syntax on
set nocompatible
set bs=2
set tw=72
set cindent
set mouse=a
set nowrapscan
set showmatch
set showmode
set uc=0
set mousehide
set hlsearch
let c_comment_strings=1
" Color for xiterm, rxvt, nxterm, color-xterm :
if has("terminfo")
set t_Co=8
set t_Sf=\e[3%p1%dm
set t_Sb=\e[4%p1%dm
else
set t_Co=8
set t_Sf=\e[3%dm
set t_Sb=\e[4%dm
endif
The above is my .vimrc file. This will give you white text and a blue
background just like the old DOS Edit program. Nifty Huh? For more information
go to /usr/share/doc/vim/FAQ.gz. This file will answer just about all your
questions about the excellent VIM editor. With this .vimrc you can set the
colors the way you want, and if you are using GVIM you do not get the glaring
white background. It will also remember the last cursor position, so if you are
editing a large configure script or source file you do not need to page down to
line 4567 any longer. Doing this over and over again would drive you mad. And
the computer should be the one doing part of the work. You should not need to do
everything. Having :set wrap! turns off line wrapping which I use
when I am coding. use :set wrap in command mode to turn it back
on.
Using :set nu turns on line numbering, which is indispensible
when coding, especially when you have 6000 lines of code and gcc reports an
error on line 3478. Imagine counting down the lines in Notepad... See VIM is
better than notepad! Or you can type vim myfile.cpp +3478 to go to the
line number directly. Instead of pressing Page down over and over again...
Here is a small Perl script that will list the contents of a directory
branching off of the current directory. A very useful script. The output is
sorted to make the output easier to read and to find what you are looking for. I
wanted to use getc() but I decided using chomp() was easier.
#!/usr/bin/perl -W
use strict;
use warnings;
printf("Please enter a directory to view.\n");
chomp( my $dir = <STDIN>);
if (!$dir)
{
printf("You did not enter a directory!\n");
exit;
} else {
my $path = $ENV{"PWD"};
printf("\n%s\/%s\n", $path, $dir);
opendir(DNAME, "$dir") || die "I cannot open that dir!\n $!";
{
my @dir = readdir(DNAME);
@dir = sort(@dir);
foreach my $x (@dir) {
print "$x\n";
}
}
}
linspirelive:~/My Computer/ USB DISK Pro/Init# wget http://members.tripod.com/bejiitas_wrath/maps/emacs.txt
--12:06:06-- http://members.tripod.com/bejiitas_wrath/maps/emacs.txt
=> `emacs.txt'
Resolving members.tripod.com... 209.202.226.100
Connecting to members.tripod.com[209.202.226.100]:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 3,400 [text/plain]
100%[================================================================================>] 3,400 11.78K/s
12:06:14 (11.76 KB/s) - `emacs.txt' saved [3400/3400]
Above, you can see the output of the wget command, which can fetch files from
the Internet. I am using it here to download a textfile from my website
http://members.tripod.com to my USB thumb drive using Linspire. A very useful
command to use if you want to fetch a file from the Internet or your
network.
Changing the Metacity themes.
This is the command to set the GTK Theme.
gconftool-2 --type=string --set /apps/metacity/general/theme Clearlooks
This will change to the Clearlooks Metacity theme. You only need to use this
command once. Use it again to change the theme to another.
An example of printf(). This is the simplest possible script that will print
the current time.
#!/usr/bin/perl print scalar localtime(time());
I have been playing around with xclock and I have discovered a very good
command line for it.
xclock -update 1 -digital -strftime "%H:%M:%S-%A-%d-%b" &
This command line gives you the perfect time/date display and updates every
tick of the second. And it does not take up much space on the desktop.
date +%H:%M:%S-%A-%d-%b
The above command will print the same date output to the console. This could
be useful if you wanted, you could put this in your .bashrc or just use it to
find the right format, although typing ‘man strftime’ will help also. You cannot
have spaces in the command or else it will be confused and output an error.
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